DC Pages / History of DC / The Smithsonian "Castle"
Location: 1000
Jefferson Drive, SW Completed in 1855 "The Castle," nick-named for its red brick, parapets, and high-flying flags, was designed in 1849 by James Renwick, Jr., whose other works include St. Patrick's Cathedral in New Yourk City and the Smithsonian's Renwick Gallery. This Washington landmark is constructed of red sandstone from Seneca Creek, Maryland, in the Norman style (a 12th-century combination of late Romanesque and early Gothic motifs).
Over the years several reconstructions have taken place. The first followed a disastrous fire on January 24, 1865, which destroyed the upper story of the main segment and the north and south towers, In 1884, the east wing was fireproofed and enlarged to accomodate more offices. Remodeling from 1968 to 1969 restored the building to the Victorian atmosphere reminiscent of the era during which it was firt inhabited.
This building served as a home for the first Secretary of the Smithsonian Joseph Henry, and his family and for may years housed all the aspects of Smithsonian operations, including an exhibit hall from 1858 until the 1960's. In 1901, Washington's first children's room was installed in the Castle's South Tower Room where the original decorated ceiling and wall stencils were restored in 1987.
Today, the Castle houses the Institution's administrative offices, the Smithsonian Information Center, and the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Located inside near the north entrance is the crypt of James Smithson, benefactor of the Institution, while outside on the Mall, a bronze statue of Joseph Henry, executed by William Wetmore Story, honors the eminent scientist, who was the Institution's first Secretary.
More Information available at the Castle includes multi-lingual "touch screen" computers, free Smithsonian guides, and a 20-minute movie which plays continuously throughout the day. Smithsonian Information Center staff, whose offices reside in the Castle, are available from 9:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.